Lesson / WY-02-10
Swing endpoints can be confirmed only after subsequent opposing movement meets predefined conditions, so every endpoint algorithm has confirmation delay. Real-time records must distinguish candidate extremes, confirmed endpoints, and confirmation timestamps. Treating the extreme’s occurrence time as the time its endpoint was known in a backtest uses then-unavailable future information and exaggerates rule precision.
Course content is for learning and research only. It is not investment advice.
Read the Chapter ↗Timestamps
7 lessons · Chapter contents
01Swing Segmentation Rules and Observation Scale↗02Identifying Upward and Downward Swings↗03Magnitude, Duration, Volume, and Progress Efficiency↗04Comparing the Current Advance with the Previous Advance↗05Comparing the Current Decline with the Previous Decline↗06The Relationship between Advances and Reactions↗07Endpoint Confirmation, Future Information, and Repainting↗Observe the market: start with context and place price within its structure.
Understand structure: compare supply and demand, and let evidence support or revise your hypothesis.
Form a view: define risk limits and know when to reassess.
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A Fresh Look at a Single Candlestick
Understanding Volume
